The tradition of tin glazed
earthenware has strong links with the industry of 'delftware' in Holland and as
such is often referred to as 'English delft'. The earliest known producers in
England of the highly sought after tin glazed pottery were immigrants from
Antwerp, first settling in Norwich in 1567 then later moving to Alder Gate
London where there is record of a pottery with six more Flemish potters
under employment. Religious persecution by the Spanish in the low
countries towards protestants forced people to flee, England was attractive to
the Flemish potters with a certain amount of freedom in their religion,
commercially 'tin' glazed ceramics was an established lucrative market and clay
in Norfolk was very suitable for the industry. Clay from Yarmouth can be traced
as being exported from 1597 to Rotterdam to be used in the delftware industry
and later the same clay source were transported to London when the industries
moved to the capital.
At this stage the pottery produced
differs little from the Dutch imported pottery and attributing pottery directly
to the early site in London can be difficult. The earliest known dated piece of
English delft is held at the Museum of London.
The
photograph to the left is a replica of the original which is dated 1600(2),
just within the reign of Elizabeth I.
It is
inscribed with the words.
'THE
ROSE IS RED THE LEAVES ARE GRENE GOD SAVE ELIZABETH OUR QUEENE'
The scene is that of the Tower of
London from the south bank of the Thames, given the date it is almost certainly
produced at Alder Gate. The rim of the pot has an arabesque design used greatly
on Italian pottery.
The Italian 'majolica'
pottery industry (15thC)can be linked to the Dutch industry. An Italian potter, Guildo da Savinio, who moved to Antwerp in the
early part of the 16th century. He changed his name to Guido Andries, more
suitable for his adoptive country, setting up a pottery there, producing similar
items to those he produced in Italy. Thus explaining the progression of style
and the use of familiar designs. It was his sons, accompanied by Jacob Jansen
who moved to Norfolk.
By the
time the Southwark potteries were well established - an identifiable style can be
seen . Pickleherring Quay pottery heavily influenced by Chinese blue and white
porcelain pottery of the late Ming dynasty, imported into England. The bird on
the rock design dates from 1618-1640.
This
photograph is a replica of an original piece from
Pickleherring Quay pottery
Original
1625-30 Housed at the Museum of London.
As the English delft industry
established itself, painting styles, techniques and shapes all expanded to meet
an ever growing market. The versatility of the pottery showed itself, in
inscribed commemorative wares, wedding gifts, ornaments and simple wine bottles.
Each pottery producing a greater range to supply the demanding population. The
surviving pieces give a rare insight into lives from the past, a birth, marriage
or
historic foot note. My favourite of all the English delft ware pieces remains a
set of six plates.